MODELS FOR PRACTICE

FOCUS AREA: HEART DISEASE AND STROKE

 

 

Program Name: Western Maine Center for Heart Health

Location: Farmington, Maine

Problem Addressed: Heart Disease and Stroke

Healthy People 2010 Objective: 12-1, 12-11, 12-15

Web Address: http://www.fchn.org (click “Heart Health”) and http://www.franklinscorekeeper.org

 

 

SNAPSHOT

 

The Western Maine Center for Heart Health (WMCHH) reflects collaboration between the county’s 70-bed hospital, doctors, business leaders, and community residents. The center, which is a department within Franklin Memorial Hospital, is composed of four main divisions: HeartWarmers (for highest risk people with cardiovascular disease), Franklin ScoreKeeper (for individual children and adults at all risk levels), Research and Development, and Consultation and Training (to help other organizations and communities implement similar programs). The center works closely with the Healthy Community Coalition to promote healthy behaviors related to tobacco, nutrition, and physical activity. The mission of the center is to reduce the health and economic burdens of cardiovascular disease through coordinated community approaches. The death rate in Franklin County went from the fifth highest to the lowest in Maine, despite the county being poor and rural.

 

THE MODEL

 

Blueprint: WMCHH, an individual department in a not-for-profit hospital, works with other entities, such as physician practices, school systems, employers, insurers, Bureau of Health, Maine Cardiovascular Health, universities, and research departments. The center’s mission is to develop coordinated community approaches to reduce the health and economic burdens of cardiovascular disease in rural West-Central Maine.

 

WMCHH is composed of four main divisions: HeartWarmers, Franklin ScoreKeeper, Research and Development, and Consultation and Training. The Franklin HeartWarmers program offers education, supervised exercise, lifestyle modification, and emotional support following a heart attack, bypass surgery, unstable angina, or congestive heart failure through a unique program that integrates traditional cardiac rehabilitation and sustained nurse-managed telephonic contacts with enrolled clients. The program began four years ago, and the model has been adopted by 34 of Maine’s 36 hospitals, creating the Maine Cares Coalition. Among HeartWarmers patients, 90 percent have achieved LDL-cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dl, well above the national average for this important risk factor.

 

The Franklin ScoreKeeper system is an innovative cardiovascular disease prevention program based on decades of documented success by the Franklin Cardiovascular Wellness Program in reducing cardiovascular mortality in West Central Maine. The program is founded on research endorsed by the American Heart Association and focuses on identifying five risk factors specific to cardiovascular disease: high blood pressure, high total cholesterol and/or low HDL cholesterol, smoking, physical inactivity, and overweight. The program works by promoting five behaviors for heart healthy living including: a heart healthy diet, regular physical activity, being tobacco free, using medications as directed, and improving coping skills and managing stress. Franklin ScoreKeeper software reflects the “Franklin Health Model” of care; has guidelines based on internal logic; is intuitive and easy to use; and efficiently shapes, tracks, documents, reports, and evaluates both process and outcomes of risk factor screening and control in multiple settings. ScoreKeeper nurses and other counselors provide one-on-one screening, counseling, and follow-up services in many community settings, including schools, worksites, medical practices, hospital, and community. The client/patient leaves the session with an individualized cardiovascular risk and behavior “ScoreCard,” an action plan for heart-healthy living, pertinent educational materials, linkage to community resources, and an appropriate follow-up strategy.

 

The Consultation and Training portion of the center involves leaders and staff of the center welcoming the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise based on over a quarter of a century of experience in developing and implementing successful community programs that integrate public health and medical practice. Consultation may be provided at a location and via media of the client’s choice, i.e., face-to-face, telephone, electronically, or by mail.

 

The center treats citizens of West Central Maine of all ages and ethnicities. No patient is turned away, and insurance is not a consideration. Currently, the center has eight full and part-time employees, including two co-directors. In addition, students do preceptorships and internships from University of Maine and elsewhere.

 

Making a Difference: The death rate in Franklin County went from the fifth highest in the state to the absolute lowest, despite the county being poor and rural. In particular, the death rate from heart attacks and strokes has plummeted. It went from being slightly above the state average in the 1960s to 10 percent below the state average over the next 25 years. The smoking rate dropped to the lowest in Maine. Only 15 percent of residents smoke, compared to a statewide average of 23 percent. In 1997, Franklin County had the very lowest rate of preventable hospitalizations among Medicare and Medicaid enrollees. If the rest of Maine had the same rate of cardiovascular hospitalization charges as Franklin, Maine payers might have saved $88 million in 1997.

 

Beginnings: In the early 1970s, a group of idealistic, young doctors with new ideas about health care and medical organization assembled in Farmington, forming a group called Rural Health Associates (RHA). They believed there were new ways to bring medicine to rural people, especially the uninsured, who typically have not had equal access to medical services. At the time, the idea of doctors in the area forming a group practice was unusual and controversial.

 

The idea of the group innovation was underscored by the formation of the state’s first HMO in the late 1970s. Designed to give more people health care, it failed financially in the mid-1980s because it did not achieve sufficient scale.

 

Dr. Burgess Record, one of the young RHA doctors, wanted to do more than help people when they became ill. He and his wife, Sandy, a nurse, decided to take their blood-pressure cuffs and other equipment to grocery stores, businesses, and fairs to screen for problems and talk about prevention measures. The number of screenings grew when Record, who had Army Reserve duty every month in Auburn, asked if he could spend half of his required time performing screenings and counseling back in Franklin County. His superiors agreed but asked him to get approval of the hospital’s medical staff. The medical staff’s endorsement provided a foundation for the program to develop medical community support and minimal political opposition.

 

Thus the Franklin Cardiovascular Health Program has served the region continuously for 29+ years. The high blood pressure program was implemented in 1974; cholesterol was added in 1986, smoking in 1988, and Center for Heart Health in 1998. The mortality impact of this integrated community program has been reported in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (Record, N.B.; et al. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(1):30-38, 2000) and highlighted by the American College of Cardiology in the report of its 33rd Bethesda Conference (Task Force #3, Preventive cardiology: How can we do better? Presented at the 33rd Bethesda Conference, Bethesda, MD, December 18, 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:579-651, 2002).

 

Challenges and Solutions: Paul Judkins, former RHA head, asserts that the program is completely replicable. In addition, he points out that the biggest ingredient for any area trying to replicate the program is for community leaders to have the will. Lastly, he points out that the RHA doctors were community leaders and were interested in doing this for the people, not to make “bundles of money.”

 

Other issues that may be encountered include funding and physician/administrator buy-in. The Center is constantly looking for funds. Originally, funding was 33 percent fee-for-service, 33 percent external state grants, and 33 percent in-kind contributions. Now, with its focus on environmental and policy changes, Maine’s Bureau of Medical Services no longer provides financial support for direct one-on-one service. A three-year Rural Health Outreach Grant just ended, and currently the center is without grant funding. The center hopes to become financially self-sufficient by providing consultation and training and selling licenses for its innovative Franklin ScoreKeeper software. Nurturing supportive relationships with community physicians is an ongoing process. Having active health professional champions and institutional support have been crucial for program success.

 

PROGRAM CONTACT INFORMATION

 

Burgess Record, MD, Co-Director

Western Maine Center for Heart Health

Franklin Memorial Hospital

111 Franklin Health Commons

Farmington, ME 04938

Phone: (207) 779-2720

Fax: (207) 779-2732